Conventional antifreezes use what type of additives to achieve corrosion and scale protection?

Conventional antifreezes typically use inorganic additives to provide corrosion and scale protection. Inorganic additives, such as phosphates, silicates, and borates, create a protective layer on metal surfaces, which helps to guard against corrosion and scale buildup. These compounds are effective in preventing rust and deterioration of the metal parts in the cooling system, ensuring the longevity and efficiency of the antifreeze solution.

While organic additives are used in some modern formulations, particularly in organic acid technology (OAT) antifreezes, conventional antifreezes are more associated with inorganic additives. Petrol is not relevant in this context as it does not serve a purpose in antifreeze formulations. Metal additives are also not commonly used in traditional antifreeze products for corrosion protection. Therefore, the correct response aligns with the use of inorganic additives for the specified functions in conventional antifreezes.